TABLE 2.
Carbon sources used by V. vulnificus strains
| Carbon source | Type | Growtha
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species (n = 111) | Biotype 1 (n = 51) | Biotype 2
|
Biotype 3 (n = 5) | ||||
| Total (n = 55) | Serovar E (n = 36) | Non-serovar E (n = 19) | |||||
| Dextrin | Polymer | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Glycogen | Polymer | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| α-d-Glucose | Carbohydrate | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| d-Trehalose | Carbohydrate | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine | Carbohydrate | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| d-Fructose | Carbohydrate | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| l-Asparagine | Amino acid | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Glucose 6-phosphate | Phosphorylated chemical | + | + | + | + | (+) | + |
| Tween 80 | Polymer | + | + | + | + | + | (+) |
| l-Glutamic acid | Amino acid | + | + | (+) | (+) | + | + |
| Inosine | Aromatic chemical | + | + | (+) | (+) | + | + |
| Maltose | Carbohydrate | (+) | (+) | + | + | (+) | + |
| d-Gluconic acid | Carboxylic acid | (+) | + | (+) | (+) | + | + |
| Cellobioseb,c | Carbohydrate | (+) | (+) | + | + | + | − |
| d-Mannose | Carbohydrate | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) |
| Methylpyruvate | Ester | (+) | + | (+) | (+) | + | (+) |
| l-Aspartic acid | Amino acid | (+) | + | (+) | (+) | (+) | + |
| Gentiobioseb,c | Carbohydrate | (+) | (+) | + | + | (+) | − |
| Tween 40 | Polymer | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | + |
| Succinic acid | Amide | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | + |
| Glucose 1-phosphate | Phosphorylated chemical | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) |
| Monomethylsuccinate | Ester | (+) | (+) | V (73) | V (69) | (+) | + |
| l-Alanylglycine | Amino acid | V (74) | V (69) | (+) | (+) | (+) | V (60) |
| Glycyl-l-aspartic acidc | Amino acid | V (73) | V (59) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) |
| N-Acetyl-d-galactosamine | Carbohydrate | V (72) | V (67) | (+) | V (72) | (+) | (+) |
| Uridined | Aromatic chemical | V (72) | (+) | V (69) | V (59) | (+) | (+) |
| l-Alanine | Amino acid | V (66) | V (63) | V (69) | V (72) | V (63) | V (60) |
| β-Methyl-d-glucosideb,c | Carbohydrate | V (59) | V (37) | (+) | (+) | (+) | − |
| dl-Lactic acidb,c,d | Carboxylic acid | V (59) | V (73) | V (44) | V (33) | V (63) | (+) |
| Glycerol | Alcohol | V (57) | V (59) | V (55) | V (56) | V (53) | V (60) |
| d-Galactose | Carbohydrate | V (54) | V (57) | V (55) | V (47) | V (68) | V (20) |
| Bromosuccinic acid | Brominated chemical | V (51) | V (53) | V (47) | V (44) | V (53) | (+) |
| dl-α-Glycerolphosphated | Phosphorylated chemical | V (48) | V (49) | V (46) | V (56) | V (26) | V (60) |
| l-Proline | Amino acid | V (47) | V (43) | V (47) | V (47) | V (47) | (+) |
| Acetic acid | Carboxylic acid | V (38) | V (45) | V (35) | V (36) | V (32) | − |
| l-Threonine | Amino acid | V (38) | V (45) | V (35) | V (31) | V (42) | − |
| d-Mannitolc,d | Carbohydrate | V (36) | V (39) | V (36) | − | (+) | − |
| d-Psicose | Carbohydrate | V (35) | V (31) | V (38) | V (44) | V (26) | V (40) |
| l-Serineb | Amino acid | V (34) | V (43) | V (29) | V (28) | V (32) | − |
| d-Glucuronic acidd | Carboxylic acid | V (33) | V (28) | V (38) | V (28) | V (58) | V (40) |
| α-Ketoglutaric acidd | Carboxylic acid | V (32) | V (39) | V (27) | V (22) | V (37) | − |
| Glucuronamide | Amide | V (32) | V (29) | V (33) | V (25) | V (47) | V (40) |
| Glycyl-l-glutamic acid | Amino acid | V (32) | V (28) | V (35) | V (33) | V (37) | V (40) |
| α-d-Lactoseb,c | Carbohydrate | V (31) | V (16) | V (47) | V (50) | V (43) | − |
| Thymidineb,c | Aromatic chemical | V (31) | V (41) | V (18) | − | V (32) | V (60) |
| Alaninamide | Amide | − | V (22) | V (22) | − | V (37) | − |
| ρ-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | Carboxylic acid | − | V (25) | V (16) | V (22) | − | − |
| d-Alanine | Amino acid | − | VV (22) | − | − | V (16) | − |
| Propionic acidb | Carboxylic acid | − | − | V (20) | V (19) | V (21) | − |
+, positive reaction for ≥90% of the isolates; (+), positive reaction for 75 to 89% of the isolates; V, positive reaction for 11 to 74% of the isolates (the number in parentheses is the percentage of positive isolates); −, positive reaction for ≤10% of the isolates.
Carbon source for which there are significant statistical differences (P < 0.05) in its use between the three biotypes.
Carbon source for which there are significant statistical differences (P < 0.05) in its use between the four groups (biotype 1, biotype 2 serovar E, biotype 2 non-serovar E, and biotype 3).
Carbon source for which there are significant statistical differences (P < 0.05) in its use between the serovar E isolates and the rest of the biotype 2 isolates.