Table 2.
Summary of metabolites identified that showed significant differences in concentration between the two sample sets
| Metabolite | Fold change | P value | Compound and metabolism class |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indole derivatives | |||
| Tryptophan | 1.7, GF | 8.42 × 10−12 | — |
| N-acetyltryptophan | 2.4, GF | 3.56 × 10−4 | — |
| Indoxyl sulfate | conv* | 1.34 × 10−7 | Phase I: hydroxyl; phase II: sulfate |
| Serotonin | 2.8, conv | 1.27 × 10−10 | — |
| IPA | conv* | 7.69 × 10−7 | Bacterial conjugation |
| Phenyl derivatives | |||
| Phenylalanine | 1.05, GF | 0.3 | — |
| Tyrosine | 1.44, GF | 1.14 × 10−4 | — |
| Hippuric acid | 17.4, conv | 1.98 × 10−9 | Phase II: glycine |
| Phenylacetylglycine | 3.8, conv | 4.70 × 10−8 | Phase II: glycine |
| Phenyl sulfate | conv* | 9.85 × 10−7 | Phase II: sulfate |
| p-Cresol sulfate | conv* | 0.002 | Phase II: sulfate |
| Phenylpropionylglycine | conv* | 3.07 × 10−7 | Phase II: glycine |
| Cinnamoylglycine | conv* | 2.93 × 10−7 | Phase II: glycine |
| Flavones | |||
| Equol sulfate | conv* | 1.44 × 10−5 | Phase II: sulfate |
| Methyl equol sulfate | conv* | 2.18 × 10−6 | Phase II: sulfate |
| Others | |||
| Urate | 1.99, conv | 1.51 × 10−6 | — |
| Creatinine | 1.08, conv | 0.071 | — |
| Dihydroxyquinoline glucuronide | conv* | 7.64 × 10−6 | Phase II: glucuronide |
| 12-Hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid | 4.0, conv | 8.20 × 10−5 | Fatty acid |
| 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpropionic acid glucuronide | 3.4, conv | 1.37 × 10−6 | Phase II: glucuronide |
Fold change equals the fold difference in concentration observed between conv and GF samples, with the group indicating which is higher. Names in italics refer to compound identifications that are highly probable, as defined in the text.
*Compound observed only in a single group (conv or GF).