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. 2008 Dec 10;10(6):R141. doi: 10.1186/ar2569

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Copyright © 2008 Kirchmeyer et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effect of retinoids on interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β)-induced expression of IL-6 in synovial fibroblasts. Rat cells were stimulated with 10 ng/mL of IL-1β for 6 hours (IL-6 expression) or 24 hours (IL-6 production) in the presence or absence of 1 μM all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (retinoic acid receptor agonist) or 0.3 μM BMS-649 (retinoid X receptor agonist). (a) IL-6 mRNA levels quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and normalized to ribosomal protein S29 (RP29). (b) IL-6 levels (nanograms per milliliter) in culture supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of values from at least three independent experiments. Statistically significant differences from the control are indicated as *P < 0.05 and from IL-1β-stimulated cells as ^#P < 0.05.