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The positions at which kinetic isotope effects were measured on the reactions of HpPNP. The nomenclature used is the convention37 in which a leading superscript of the heavier isotope is used to denote the isotope effect on the kinetic quantity. Thus, 18knuc indicates k16/k18 , the isotope effect on the rate constant k resulting from substitution of 18O for 16O at the nucleophilic position where k is the rate constant for the cyclization reaction.
