Table 3.

Differences in men and women in primary outcome, the WORC and its sub-domains and secondary outcomes, the ASES and QuickDASH

Variables (Min/Max)	Women Mean (SD)	MEN Mean (SD)	T/Z values **	P values	Effect Size (CI)
WORC Total Raw score (0/2100)	1368.58	1234.12	2.42	0.017	0.37
Higher numbers mean more disability	(371.74)	(353.03)			(0.07–0.67)
WORC Percentage (0/100)	34.84%	41.22%	-2.42	0.017	0.37
Higher numbers mean less disability	(17.70)	(16.80)			(0.07–0.67)
Domains of the WORC
Symptoms (0/600)	351.88	326.58	1.36	0.175
	(130.22)	(111.05)
Life style* (0/400)	271.10	223.35	3.99	< 0.0001	0.58
	(88.67)	(84)			(0.27–0.88)
Work* (0/400)	284.55	249.60	3.25	0.001	0.47
	(71.12)	(80)			(0.16–0.77)
Sports/recreational activities* (0/400)	290.38	282.45	1.077	0.282
	(70.92)	(67.43)
Emotions (0/300)	170.59	153.96	1.42	0.157
Higher numbers mean more disability	(73.23)	(79.12)
ASES (0/100)	42.92	51.12	-2.77	0.0062	0.42
Higher numbers mean less disability	(21.28)	(16.99)			(0.12–0.73)
Quick DASH (0/100)	55.82	44.87	3.98	0.0001	0.61
Higher numbers mean more disability	(18.77)	(17.10)			(0.30–0.92)

T Test (T values): used for normally distributed data

*Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (Z values): used for skewed data

CI: Confidence interval

**To adjust for multiple comparison of 5 domains, the p values were adjusted by a' = a/k, where a = 0.05, k = the number of multiple comparison variables: 0.05/5 = 0.01

Effect size values are reported for significant differences: Small (0.20–0.49), Moderate: (0.50–0.79), Large: > 0.80 (Cohen, 1988).