Table 3.
Variable | Controls | Reading Disability | RD/ADHD | ADHD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Verbal Measures | ||||||||
Stories I | 98.67 | 16.24 | 103.48 | 9.22 | 99.67 | 14.68 | 103.33 | 17.34 |
Stories D | 102.83 | 18.13 | 104.13 | 9.96 | 99.33 | 14.96 | 103.83 | 16.85 |
Stories DR | 100.17 | 11.18 | 100.89 | 12.31 | 96.67 | 16.78 | 106.90 | 16.71 |
Word Pairs L | 99.33 | 15.63 | 95.87 | 14.35 | 94.33 | 14.84 | 98.00 | 14.54 |
Word Pairs I | 94.83 | 13.55 | 98.70 | 13.33 | 95.33 | 14.40 | 99.33 | 11.87 |
Word Pairs D | 100.83 | 13.71 | 95.87 | 16.63 | 89.83 | 18.31 | 97.00 | 13.43 |
Word Pairs DR | 97.33 | 13.82 | 96.74 | 17.23 | 88.50 | 20.31 | 97.93 | 17.35 |
Word Lists Lb | 100.50 | 16.58 | 87.78 | 13.72 | 87.67 | 13.07 | 94.29 | 15.12 |
Word Lists Da | 103.83 | 13.56 | 93.33 | 14.36 | 94.67 | 14.45 | 97.14 | 23.42 |
Word Lists DRb | 99.33 | 15.74 | 90.00 | 17.68 | 86.00 | 18.73 | 101.43 | 14.64 |
Visual Measures | ||||||||
Dot Locations Lc | 103.50 | 11.61 | 102.61 | 12.42 | 97.67 | 15.01 | 96.17 | 15.01 |
Dot Locations SD | 102.17 | 10.64 | 104.78 | 15.19 | 107.17 | 12.01 | 102.17 | 13.56 |
Dot Locations D | 105.33 | 11.74 | 104.57 | 12.51 | 102.17 | 11.72 | 100.00 | 15.03 |
Faces I | 96.83 | 11.63 | 94.78 | 11.43 | 90.83 | 15.60 | 100.00 | 11.65 |
Faces Dd | 93.50 | 13.01 | 95.00 | 10.98 | 98.97 | 14.78 | 102.59 | 11.70 |
Attention/Concentration Measures | ||||||||
Numbers Forwarde,f | 106.67 | 9.32 | 90.43 | 12.70 | 87.50 | 11.94 | 93.33 | 15.67 |
Numbers Backwarde | 100.00 | 10.99 | 93.70 | 11.40 | 92.83 | 12.43 | 105.83 | 13.33 |
Sequencese,c | 102.00 | 11.42 | 88.48 | 14.26 | 83.83 | 13.50 | 97.17 | 14.12 |
Picture Locationsd | 105.33 | 15.48 | 102.27 | 14.45 | 94.66 | 16.85 | 93.70 | 15.35 |
Note. L refers to Learning; I refers to Immediate recall; SD refers to Short-Delay recall; D refers to Delayed recall; DR refers to Delayed Recognition. Significance levels are in terms of main effects (RD vs. No RD; ADHD vs. No ADHD) from the MANOVAs.
RD at p < .05.
RD at p < .01.
ADHD at p < .05.
ADHD at p < .01.
RD at p < .001.
ADHD at p = .001.