(a) In animals rendered tolerant to morphine by twice daily injections of morphine (confirmed by tail-flick test, data not shown) QHEND continued to provide an analgesic effect in the formalin test; general linear model, repeated measures test, P < 0.05, (SPSS); n = 7–8 animals per group. (b) The sum of flinches in phase 2; *P < 0.05 QHEND vs Q0ZHG, t-test.