Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of Strong Heart Study 2 (1993–1995) participants with complete dietary data, by gender
| Men (n = 603) | Women (n = 913) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.8 ± 7.9 | 59.9 ± 8.2 | <0.01 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.9 ± 5.0 | 31.1 ± 6.7 | <0.001 |
| Education (years) | 11.4 ± 3.1 | 11.7 ± 3.0 | 0.05 |
| Smoking | <0.001 | ||
| Nonsmoker | 92 (15.6) | 344 (38.4) | |
| Former smoker | 239 (40.5) | 279 (31.2) | |
| Current smoker | 259 (43.9) | 272 (30.4) | |
| Reported alcohol consumption | <0.001 | ||
| Nondrinker | 36 (6.0) | 246 (27.3) | |
| Former drinker | 254 (42.4) | 401 (44.5) | |
| Current drinkera | 309 (51.6) | 255 (28.2) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 102 ± 12 | 105 ± 16 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 130 ± 79 | 140 ± 81 | 0.02 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 40 ± 14 | 46 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126 ± 18 | 126 ± 19 | 0.99 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 77 ± 11 | 73 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 103 ± 10 | 102 ± 11 | 0.04 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 218 (36.2) | 494 (54.1) | <0.001 |
| HOMA index | 3.9 ± 3.2 | 4.5 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
Note: HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA = homeostasis model assessment, an estimate of insulin resistance. Conversion factors to SI units are as follows: triglycerides, multiply by 0.0113 to calculate mmol/L; HDL-C, multiply by 0.0259 to calculate mmol/L; fasting glucose, multiply by 0.0555 to calculate mmol/L.
a
The current drinkers are defined as drinking at least one drink of any kind of alcoholic beverage 442 in the past and drinking today.