Table 4.
Odds ratio (95% CI) of having MS, by tertile of dietary intake,a, Strong Heart Study (2nd examination, 1993–1995)
| Men (n = 603) | Women (n = 913) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | P for trend | 1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | P for trend | |
| Total fat | 1 | 1.51 (0.97–2.33) | 1.13 (0.74–1.74) | 0.58 | 1 | 0.80 (0.57–1.11) | 0.98 (0.71–1.37) | 0.93 |
| SFA | 1 | 1.41 (0.92–2.17) | 1.13 (0.73–1.73) | 0.64 | 1 | 0.82 (0.58–1.14) | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) | 0.99 |
| MUFA | 1 | 1.07 (0.70–1.66) | 1.15 (0.76–1.76) | 0.51 | 1 | 0.79 (0.56–1.10) | 0.99 (0.71–1.38) | 0.97 |
| PUFA | 1 | 1.12 (0.73–1.71) | 1.19 (0.78–1.82) | 0.43 | 1 | 0.80 (0.57–1.12) | 0.69 (0.49–0.95) | 0.03 |
| Omega 3 | 1 | 1.21 (0.80–1.85) | 1.14 (0.74–1.75) | 0.61 | 1 | 0.94 (0.67–1.31) | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) | 0.09 |
| Omega 6 | 1 | 1.27 (0.83–1.94) | 1.25 (0.82–1.92) | 0.35 | 1 | 0.89 (0.64–1.25) | 0.70 (0.50–0.97) | 0.03 |
| TFA | 1 | 1.49 (0.97–2.30) | 1.21 (0.79–1.86) | 0.51 | 1 | 0.90 (0.64–1.25) | 0.95 (0.68–1.32) | 0.79 |
| Carbohydrates | 1 | 1.26 (0.82–1.93) | 1.00 (0.65–1.54) | 0.99 | 1 | 1.06 (0.76–1.47) | 1.04 (0.74–1.44) | 0.83 |
| Simple carbohydrates | 1 | 1.27 (0.82–1.97) | 1.63 (1.06–2.52) | 0.03 | 1 | 0.78 (0.56–1.09) | 1.02 (0.73–1.42) | 0.86 |
| Protein | 1 | 0.83 (0.55–1.27) | 0.77 (0.50–1.19) | 0.24 | 1 | 1.22 (0.88–1.70) | 1.36 (0.98–1.90) | 0.07 |
| Animal protein | 1 | 1.03 (0.67–1.56) | 0.91 (0.59–1.39) | 0.64 | 1 | 0.96 (0.69–1.34) | 1.36 (0.98–1.90) | 0.05 |
| Vegetable protein | 1 | 0.93 (0.61–1.41) | 0.68 (0.44–1.05) | 0.07 | 1 | 1.06 (0.76–1.47) | 1.06 (0.75–1.48) | 0.76 |
Note: CI = confidence interval; MS = metabolic syndrome; SFA = saturated fatty acid; MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acid; TFA = trans fatty acid.
a
Intakes are included in the models as percent of calories.
All models were adjusted for age, study center, education, smoking, drinking, and energy intake.