Table I.
Participant Characteristics
| Characteristic | Total sample (n = 187) | CES-D <16 (n = 145) | CES-D ≥16 (n = 42) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | 14.4 ± 2.4 | 14.4 ± 2.4 | 14.6 ± 2.3 |
| Gender (% female) | 45% | 46% | 43% |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White, not of Hispanic origin | 162 (87%) | 128 (88%) | 34 (81%) |
| Black/African American | 11 (6%) | 8 (6%) | 3 (7%) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 9 (5%) | 5 (3%) | 4 (10%) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 5 (<3%) | 4 (3%) | 1 (2%) |
| Education level of primary caregiver (% with at least college degree) | 58% | 60% | 52% |
| Insurance Status | |||
| Private insurance | 85% | 87% | 83% |
| Public insurance | 15% | 13% | 17% |
| Family status (% with two caregivers in home) | 80% | 81% | 79% |
| Type 1 diabetes duration (in years) | 6.5 ± 3.9 | 6.6 ± 3.8 | 6.4 ± 4.1 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 9.0 ± 1.5% | 9.0 ± 1.5% | 9.0 ± 1.5% |
| Blood glucose monitoring frequency (checks per day) | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 4.4 ± 1.9 |
| Method of insulin delivery | |||
| Multiple daily injections | 53% | 52% | 60% |
| CSII | 47% | 48% | 40% |
| CDI score | 6.3 ± 5.3 | 5.9 ± 5.3 | 7.4 ± 5.2 |
Note: Scores shown as mean ± SD; CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.