Table 2.
Participant Characteristics, Body Composition, Physical Function, and Inflammatory Biomarker Concentrations in Each Study and in All Studies Combined
| Characteristics | REACT II | PIE | TRAIN | POWER | Combined |
| N | 160 | 52 | 289 | 41 | 542 |
| Female, % | 43.8 | 80.8 | 43.6 | 73.2 | 49.4 |
| Whites, % | 89.0 | 86.3 | 74.1 | 90.2 | 80.5 |
| Age, y* | 69.1 (9.2) | 70.4 (7.7) | 66.0 (7.4) | 75.3 (5.9) | 68.0 (8.3) |
| BMI, kg/m2* | 28.1 (5.9) | 30.0 (5.0) | 29.7 (5.4) | 29.6 (5.6) | 29.2 (5.6) |
| Total body fat, %* | 32.7 (8.0) | 38.3 (7.7) | 33.1 (8.3) | 38.1 (6.4) | 33.9 (8.2) |
| Fat mass, kg* | 27.2 (10.4) | 30.8 (9.4) | 29.1 (9.8) | 30.4 (8.3) | 28.8 (9.9) |
| Lean mass, kg* | 52.5 (12.0) | 46.9 (9.6) | 55.9 (11.7) | 47.3 (12.0) | 53.4 (12.0) |
| SPPB score, 0–12* | 10.6 (1.5) | 9.8 (1.6) | 10.3 (1.5) | 9.2 (1.8) | 10.3 (1.6) |
| Grip strength, kg* | 36.7 (12.3) | 28.8 (8.7) | 39.5 (13.5) | — | 37.7 (13.0) |
| 4-m walk, s* | 3.9 (1.1) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.9) | 4.3 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.0) |
| Chair rise, s* | 13.0 (5.0) | 15.0 (3.8) | 13.9 (4.2) | 18.4 (7.5) | 14.0 (4.9) |
| CRP, mg/L† | 4.3 (1.9–9.2) | 6.5 (2.8–15.9) | 2.5 (1.0–5.0) | 5.0 (1.7–8.1) | 3.3 (1.5–7.9) |
| IL-6, pg/mL† | 2.5 (1.6–3.8) | 2.4 (1.7–4.5) | 2.9 (2.3–4.2) | 3.4 (1.8–5.3) | 2.8 (1.9–4.2) |
| TNF-α, pg/mL† | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | — | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) |
Notes: BMI = body mass index; CRP = C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; PIE = Pharmacological Intervention in the Elderly; POWER = Power Training in Older Adults; REACT II = Reconditioning Exercise And COPD Trial II; SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha; TRAIN = Trial of ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
*
Values are in mean (standard deviation).
†
Values are in median (interquartile range).