Table 5.
GLMMs With Resident-Level Independent Variables, Control Variables, and Facility Factors*
| Hygiene | F Test | Toileting | F Test | Eating | F Test | |
| Baseline | .500 (0.015) | p < .001 | .518 (0.016) | p < .001 | .419 (0.017) | p < .001 |
| Pain = 0 | .115 (0.075) | p = .226 | .030 (0.080) | p = .555 | .047 (0.076) | P = .806 |
| Pain = 1 | .057 (0.075) | −.016 (0.080) | .024 (0.076) | |||
| Pain = 2 | .079 (0.075) | −.016 (0.081) | .015 (0.076) | |||
| Pain = 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Depression | .008 (0.030) | p = .779 | −.002 (0.032) | p = .947 | −.012 (0.031) | p = .697 |
| Bowel incontinence = 0 | −.112 (0.071) | p = .031 | −.141 (0.077) | p = .014 | −.196 (0.073) | p = .058 |
| Bowel incontinence = 1 | −.079 (0.081) | −.094 (0.087) | −.149 (0.082) | |||
| Bowel incontinence = 2 | −.004 (0.083) | −.061 (0.089) | −.096 (0.084) | |||
| Bowel incontinence = 3 | .041 (0.076) | .049 (0.082) | −.121 (0.077) | |||
| Bowel incontinence = 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Bladder incontinence = 0 | −.347 (0.062) | p < .001 | −.430 (0.067) | p < .001 | −.124 (0.063) | p = .015 |
| Bladder incontinence = 1 | −.318 (0.074) | −.271 (0.079) | −.116 (0.075) | |||
| Bladder incontinence = 2 | −.104 (0.068) | −.143 (0.073) | −.068 (0.069) | |||
| Bladder incontinence = 3 | −.074 (0.062) | −.084 (0.066) | .004 (0.062) | |||
| Bladder incontinence = 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Balance score = 0 | −.263 (0.086) | p = .002 | −.403 (0.092) | p < .001 | −.059 (0.086) | p = .230 |
| Balance score = 1 | −.237 (0.064) | −.380 (0.069) | −.046 (0.066) | |||
| Balance score = 2 | −.188 (0.058) | −.269 (0.062) | −.077 (0.059) | |||
| Balance score = 3 | −.194 (0.099) | −.235 (0.106) | −.030 (0.101) | |||
| Balance score = 4 | −.092 (0.060) | −.097 (0.065) | .027 (0.062) | |||
| Balance score = 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Fall within 30 d | .019 (0.030) | p = .524 | .012 (0.032) | p = .698 | −.018 (0.030) | p = .551 |
| Fall within 31–180 d | .094 (0.041) | p = .021 | .061 (0.044) | p = .168 | −.008 (0.041) | p = .846 |
Notes: All fixed effects were estimated with nursing home random intercept included in the models. Coefficients for resident- and facility-level control variables are not displayed. ADL = activity of daily living; GLMM = general linear mixed models.
*
Data are GLMM coefficient and its standard error. The sign indicates the direction of the effect. A negative sign indicates an ADL decline.
†
Values in bold denote significant findings.