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. 2009 Jan 22;28(5):578–590. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.1

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Hypothetical scheme of the pathway of CRT/ERp57 exposure. In response to immunogenic cell death inducers, three modules are activated, namely an ER stress module, an apoptotic module and a translocation module. The hierarchy among these modules has been established. However, the exact molecular links among them remain unclear. Moreover, the level at which ROS contributes to CRT/ERp57 exposure is elusive. The scheme lists elements of the pathway that are necessary for CRT/ERp57 exposure. However, the activation of these elements is not sufficient to induce CRT/ERp57 exposure. Inhibitors of CRT/ERp57 exposure are listed on the right. Those inhibitors that also reduce the immunogenicity of cell death in vivo have been marked with asterisks.