Table 3.

Trials that Included Only Provider Interventions to Increase Breast Cancer Screening

Reference	Design	Intervention(s)	Control or Limited Intervention(s)	Intervention (control n), Duration, Race/Ethnicity	Health Insurance, Income	Setting	Results	Quality Score (out of 27)
Schreiner et al. 1988	RCT	Chart reminder indicating which screening procedures were due.	Usual care.	20 physicians (22 physicians), 5 months, 35-39% white, 49-54% black, 11-12% Hispanic.	Insurance not reported, income not reported.	Two university-and hospital-affiliated general medicine clinics.	Clinical breast exam rate 6 months after completion of intervention: intervention (42%), control (27%), (p < .02).	18
Chambers et al. 1989	RCT	Date of last mammogram printed on encounter form.	Usual care.	639 (623) 6 months, 69-72% non-white.	28% Medicaid, 16% no insurance, income not reported.	University family practice clinic.	Mammography: intervention (26.6%), control (20.6%), (p = .011).	19
Litzelman et al. 1993	RCT	Chart reminders with required responses.	Chart reminders without required responses.	Providers: 92 (86), Patients: 2827 (2580), 6 months, 62% black.	Insurance not reported, income not reported.	Academic primary care general internal medicine practice	Mammography: intervention (54%), control (47%), (p = .036).	18
McCarthy et al. 1997	CCT	MA/LPNs to check for eligibility, offer screening mammograms, prepare MD order and schedule mammogram after physician's signature obtained.	Usual care.	1250 (4684), 15 months, 73-82% black, 15-24% white, 2.6-3.5% Other.	31% Medicaid or Medicare, 68% private insurance, income not reported.	3 general internal medicine clinics at a large, urban teaching hospital	Percent increase in mammography: intervention (9%), control (1-2%), (p = .004).	18