Table 1.
Score | |||||
Trait | Description | 1 | 9 | Heritability Estimate | Mean (SD) |
Body length | Distance from tail to scapulae viewed from side | Short | Long | 0.26a 0.29d | 4.79 (0.97) |
Body depth | Distance from back to sternum viewed from side | Deep | Shallow | 0.34d | 4.12 (1.22) |
Body width | Rump width (Butterfly shape) viewed from rear | Narrow | Wide | 0.69a 0.25d | 5.38 (1.22) |
Top Line | Arch straightness between shoulder and rump viewed from side | Weak | High topped | 0.11–0.12d | 5.18 (0.80) 0.52 (0.63)e |
Hip structure | Hip line and tail setting viewed from side | Level | Steep | 0.18d | 4.30 (1.75) |
Rib shape | Breast width view from the horizontal | More shape | Less shape | 0.26d | 4.33 (1.59) |
Front turned in/out | Front hocks turned inward/outward from each other viewed from front | Turned out | Turned in | 0.09a 0.09–0.16b 0.02–0.03c 0.02–0.06d | 3.95 (0.71) 1.05 (0.70)e |
Front pastern posture | Angle of front foot viewed from side | Weak and soft | Upright | 0.38a 0.26–0.35b 0.28d | 4.51 (1.61) |
Buck knee | Over at the knee of front legs viewed from side | Upright | Severe buck knees | 0.36a 0.28b 0.14–0.19c 0.13d | 4.65 (1.64) |
Front foot size | Front foot size | Large | Small | 0.16d | 5.28 (0.92) |
Front uneven toes | Even and uniform shape of front hooves | Even | Severely uneven | 0.01–0.13b 0.00–0.05c 0.09d | 2.20 (0.96) |
Rear turned in/out | Rear hocks turned inward/outward from each other viewed from rear | Turned out | Turned in | 0.16a 0.15–0.22b 0.14–0.17d | 4.02 (0.76) 1.01 (0.73)e |
Rear pastern posture | Angle of rear foot viewed from side | Weak and soft | Upright | 0.12a 0.29–0.32b 0.02–0.06c 0.31d | 4.25 (1.33) |
Weak rear legs | Angle of rear hocks viewed from side | Weak | Upright | 0.10a 0.02–0.10b 0.14d | 4.25 (1.33) 0.94 (0.80)e |
Rear foot size | Rear foot size | Large | Small | 0.23a 0.13d | 5.17 (1.02) |
Rear uneven toes | Even and uniform shape of rear hooves | Even | Severely uneven | 0.48a 0.13–0.19b 0.07–0.18c 0.12d | 2.31 (1.05) |
Overall leg action | Structural soundness and movement and freedom of other defects | Excellent movement | Most severe/unable to walk | 0.06c 0.12d | 4.59 (1.84) |