Table 1.

Summary of the Clinical Evaluation of Hypothermia in Neonates and Children with Global Hypoxia-Ischemia^a

Author(s)	Type of study	Age (n)	Target temperature (°C)	Duration of hypothermia (h)	Major findings	Significance
Gluckman  et al., 2005b	RCT	Newborn (234)	32–34	72	↓ mortality if moderate  but not severe  encephalopathy	RR 0.42 [0.22–0.80]  for moderate  encephalopathy
Shankaran  et al., 2005	RCT	Newborn (208)	32–34	72	↓ mortality, severe  disability composite	44% vs. 62%, RR = 0.72  [0.54–0.95]
Fink  et al., 2007	Retrospective,  observational	1 week to 21 years (181)	34.1 ± 0.8, mean ± SD  (un-protocolized  use of hypothermia)	31.8 ± 19.2,  mean ± SD	↑ electrolyte replacement	p < 0.05
					↑ infections in HT group	p = 0.06
					No difference in bleeding,  arrhythmias	p > 0.05
Topjian  et al., 2007	Prospective,  non-randomized	Children,  unspecified (5)	32–34	24	T < 32 occurred in 21%  of 30 min. measures;  T > 34 occurred 7%

^aThe etiology of hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal studies was heterogeneous (i.e., placental lesions, cardiac arrest, fetal deceleration, hemorrhage), while in children the etiology was solely cardiac arrest.

^bHead cooling only; other listed studies involved whole body cooling.

RCT, randomized, controlled trial; RR, relative risk; p, p-value; T, temperature; SD, standard deviation.