Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Mar 19.
Published in final edited form as: Genes Immun. 2008 Jun 5;9(5):462–469. doi: 10.1038/gene.2008.38

Table 4.

Published risk estimates of severe malaria phenotypes associated with ICAM-1Kilifi.

Study Region Design Na Phenotypeb Allele/
Genotype
OR 95% CI. Test P
Fernandez-Reyes et al.,1997 20 Kenya Case-control 444 SA T vs. A 1.15 0.82 - 1.6 Pearson's χ2 0.47
- - - 390 CM T vs. A 1.55 1.17 - 2.06 Pearson's χ2 0.0028
- - - 547 Severe T vs. A 1.38 1.08 - 1.77 Pearson's χ2 0.01
Kun et al.,1999 21 Gabon Case-control 200 Severe vs. Mild T vs. A 0.54 0.34 - 0.84 Pearson's χ2 0.0092
Bellamy et al.,1998 22 Gambia Case-control 616 SA T vs. A 0.71 0.51 - 0.99 Pearson's χ2 0.054
- - - 802 CM T vs. A 0.89 0.69 - 1.14 Pearson's χ2 0.37
- - - 474 SA vs. Mild T vs. A 0.67 0.47 - 0.94 Pearson's χ2 0.027
- - - 660 CM vs. Mild T vs. A 0.83 0.63 - 1.09 Pearson's χ2 0.19
Ohashi et al.,2001 23 Thailand Case-control - Mild, non-cerebral severe & cerebral
malaria
- - - - NSc
Amodu et al.,2005 25 Nigeria Case-control 200 Severe vs. Asymptomatic Parasitaemia T vs. A 1.71 1.09 - 2.67 Pearson's χ2 0.025d
- - - 199 Severe vs. Mild T vs. A 1.5 0.97 - 2.34 Pearson's χ2 0.086
Jenkins et al.,2005 27 Kenya Cohort 1417 Malaria-specific
clinic visits
AT vs AA 0.89e 0.74 - 1.08 Poisson regression 0.24
- - - 886 Malaria-specific
clinic visits
TT vs AA 0.91 0.68 - 1.21 Poisson regression 0.52
Ndiaye et al.,2005 24 Senegal Cohort 878 Traits related to infection and carriage - - - - NS
Ayodo et al.,2007 26 Kenya Case-control 915 Severe T vs. A 0.71 0.42 - 1.21 Pearson's χ2 0.1
Present study Gambia,
Kenya &
Malawi
Case-control
& Family
3920 SA T vs. A 0.99 0.88 - 1.11 UNPHASED 0.85
- 5637 CM T vs. A 1.07 0.97 - 1.17 UNPHASED 0.17
- 9395 Severe T vs. A 1.02 0.96 - 1.09 UNPHASED 0.54

Using original data, were possible, we performed the allelic test (2×2, Pearson's χ2) deriving odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval and P-value.

a

Sample size (N) relates to the number of case and controls used in calculating association statistic.

b

Cases with this disease phenotype are compared with population controls, unless indicated otherwise.

c

Low allele frequency of ICAM-1Kilifi in Thailand (~2%) means very low power to detect association. NS = unavailable /unreported non-significant p-value.

d

Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and parasite density reported p=0.277.

e

Incident rate ratio adjusted for sickle trait, age, sex, season, and ethnic group.