Table 4.
Study | Region | Design | Na | Phenotypeb | Allele/ Genotype |
OR | 95% CI. | Test | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fernandez-Reyes et al.,1997 20 | Kenya | Case-control | 444 | SA | T vs. A | 1.15 | 0.82 - 1.6 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.47 |
- | - | - | 390 | CM | T vs. A | 1.55 | 1.17 - 2.06 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.0028 |
- | - | - | 547 | Severe | T vs. A | 1.38 | 1.08 - 1.77 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.01 |
Kun et al.,1999 21 | Gabon | Case-control | 200 | Severe vs. Mild | T vs. A | 0.54 | 0.34 - 0.84 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.0092 |
Bellamy et al.,1998 22 | Gambia | Case-control | 616 | SA | T vs. A | 0.71 | 0.51 - 0.99 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.054 |
- | - | - | 802 | CM | T vs. A | 0.89 | 0.69 - 1.14 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.37 |
- | - | - | 474 | SA vs. Mild | T vs. A | 0.67 | 0.47 - 0.94 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.027 |
- | - | - | 660 | CM vs. Mild | T vs. A | 0.83 | 0.63 - 1.09 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.19 |
Ohashi et al.,2001 23 | Thailand | Case-control | - | Mild, non-cerebral severe & cerebral malaria |
- | - | - | - | NSc |
Amodu et al.,2005 25 | Nigeria | Case-control | 200 | Severe vs. Asymptomatic Parasitaemia | T vs. A | 1.71 | 1.09 - 2.67 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.025d |
- | - | - | 199 | Severe vs. Mild | T vs. A | 1.5 | 0.97 - 2.34 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.086 |
Jenkins et al.,2005 27 | Kenya | Cohort | 1417 | Malaria-specific clinic visits |
AT vs AA | 0.89e | 0.74 - 1.08 | Poisson regression | 0.24 |
- | - | - | 886 | Malaria-specific clinic visits |
TT vs AA | 0.91 | 0.68 - 1.21 | Poisson regression | 0.52 |
Ndiaye et al.,2005 24 | Senegal | Cohort | 878 | Traits related to infection and carriage | - | - | - | - | NS |
Ayodo et al.,2007 26 | Kenya | Case-control | 915 | Severe | T vs. A | 0.71 | 0.42 - 1.21 | Pearson's χ2 | 0.1 |
Present study | Gambia, Kenya & Malawi |
Case-control & Family |
3920 | SA | T vs. A | 0.99 | 0.88 - 1.11 | UNPHASED | 0.85 |
- | 5637 | CM | T vs. A | 1.07 | 0.97 - 1.17 | UNPHASED | 0.17 | ||
- | 9395 | Severe | T vs. A | 1.02 | 0.96 - 1.09 | UNPHASED | 0.54 |
Using original data, were possible, we performed the allelic test (2×2, Pearson's χ2) deriving odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval and P-value.
Sample size (N) relates to the number of case and controls used in calculating association statistic.
Cases with this disease phenotype are compared with population controls, unless indicated otherwise.
Low allele frequency of ICAM-1Kilifi in Thailand (~2%) means very low power to detect association. NS = unavailable /unreported non-significant p-value.
Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and parasite density reported p=0.277.
Incident rate ratio adjusted for sickle trait, age, sex, season, and ethnic group.