Table 1.
Characteristics of 84,443 study participants, by level of stressful life events, Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study
| Total | Number of Life Events† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=84,334 | 0 (n=18,570) | 1 (n=26,385) | 2 (n=19,625) | 3 (n=11,044) | 4+ (n=8710) | |
| Mean age (years) | 63.5 (7.3)§ | 64.3 (7.3) | 64.1 (7.3) | 63.2 (7.3) | 62.6 (7.3) | 61.6 (7.2) |
|
| ||||||
| Social support (continuous) | 36.0 (7.8) | 37.5 (7.3) | 36.9 (7.4) | 35.8 (7.7) | 34.6 (8.0) | 32.3 (8.5) |
|
| ||||||
| Five Year Risk from Gail prediction* | 1.8 (1.0)§ | 1.9 (1.0) | 1.9 (1.0) | 1.8 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.0) |
|
| ||||||
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||||||
| White | 83.9 | 87.1 | 86.5 | 83.6 | 80.7 | 74.0 |
| African American | 7.8 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 10.3 | 13.1 |
| Hispanic | 3.6 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 7.1 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 |
| Alaskan Native/American Indian | 0.42 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.56 | 0.93 |
| Other | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.9 |
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| ||||||
| Education level (%) | ||||||
| Less than high school education | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 7.8 |
| High school/GED | 16.2 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 16.2 | 15.9 | 15.2 |
| School after high school | 36.3 | 33.0 | 34.8 | 37.3 | 39.5 | 41.8 |
| College degree or higher | 41.9 | 45.6 | 44.0 | 41.0 | 38.3 | 34.1 |
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| ||||||
| Income level (%) | ||||||
| < $20,000 | 14.4 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 14.6 | 18.5 | 25.0 |
| $20,000 – $49,999 | 40.3 | 39.2 | 40.7 | 40.2 | 40.9 | 41.2 |
| $50,000 – $99,999 | 27.8 | 30.2 | 29.0 | 28.0 | 25.7 | 21.5 |
| >$100,000 | 10.2 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 5.8 |
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| ||||||
| Insurance (%) | ||||||
| No insurance | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.85 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 5.9 |
| Public insurance | 9.1 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 10.3 |
| Private insurance | 87.3 | 88.5 | 88.4 | 87.5 | 85.8 | 82.4 |
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| ||||||
| Alcohol use | ||||||
| Doesn’t drink | 41.5 | 39.1 | 39.6 | 42.0 | 43.5 | 48.7 |
| >0 to 2 drinks per day | 54.0 | 56.5 | 55.6 | 53.3 | 52.5 | 47.4 |
| > 2 alcoholic drinks per day | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
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| ||||||
| Current smoker | 6.2 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 9.5 |
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| ||||||
| Physical activity ≥ 4 episodes moderate/strenuous activity (exceeding 20 min)/week (%) | 29.5 | 32. 8 | 30.6 | 29.2 | 26.8 | 23.1 |
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| ||||||
| BMI ≥ 30, kg/m2 (%) | 24.6 | 19.8 | 22.4 | 25.6 | 28.5 | 34.6 |
|
| ||||||
| Mammography during follow-up (%) ₡ | 70.6 | 71.5 | 71.9 | 71.2 | 69.0 | 65.4 |
Note: All comparisons are significant at p < 0.001.
*
Gail model: Computed from age, age at menarche, number of previous breast biopsies, presence of atypical hyperplasia on biopsy, age at first childbirth, number of first-degree relatives with a history of breast cancer, and the interactions between biopsies and age and between age at first childbirth and number of affected first-degree relatives
₡
Mammography during follow-up: Computed as percent of annual visits reporting mammogram since last visit and dichotomized as adherent (>=75%) or non-adherent (<75%)