FIGURE 4.

Effects of oxidative stress on A. nidulans DGR1. A, quantitative PCR analysis of glrA gene transcript. A. nidulans was incubated at 30 °C for 6 h, the indicated compounds were added or temperatures were shifted, and then incubation proceeded for further 3 h. Bars indicate values reported as relative expression rates obtained by RT-PCR and normalized to actA. B, strains were grown on MMDN agar plates with or without various oxidants at 30 °C for 120 h. Concentrations of oxidants: 30 μm (menadione (MD)), 2 mm (diamide), and 2.5 mm (hydrogen peroxide). Radii of colonies are indicated in mm with S.E. C-E, conidia of WT (circles) and DGR1 (squares) strains of A. nidulans were spread onto MMDN agar plates and incubated at 30 °C for 120 h. Relative germination rates were determined by setting number of colonies on MMDN agar plates (without oxidant) as 100%. Data are the means of three experiments. Error bars represent S.E.