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| Stroke volume (SV) | Amount of blood ejected per beat (40–120 ml) |
| Cardiac output (CO) | Amount of blood leaving the heart in 1 min, equal to heart rate × SV (5–8 l/min) |
| Cardiac index (CI) | CO per body surface area (2.5–4.2 l/min/m2) |
| Mean arterial pressure (MAP) | Diastolic BP+⅓ (systolic–diastolic) (70–110 mm Hg) |
| Central venous pressure (CVP) | Pressure in large veins entering the right heart (0–10 cmH2O) |
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