Table 3.

Greater activation as a function of lower consistency overall (Both) and separately for orthographic and phonological consistency for Normal and Impaired Readers

Region	BA	Normal > Impaired
		Both					Orthographic					Phonological					Both
		x	y	z	Vol	t	x	y	z	Vol	t	x	y	z	Vol	t	x	y	z	Vol	t
Cingulate/medial frontal
R. Anterior cingulate gyrus	32/6	9	17	43	841	8.93	9	14	44	763	6.56	9	17	43	765	6.09	3	11	55	103	5.29
L. Anterior cingulate gyrus	32/6	-3	22	40	^a	7.74	-6	22	38	^a	6.08	-6	11	41	^a	5.51	-6	6	55	^a	5.33
L. Medial frontal gyrus	8	-6	14	44	^a	7.33
R. Medial frontal gyrus	6																12	3	61	^a	3.58
L. Superior frontal gyrus	6						-3	11	49	^a	4.99	-3	11	49	^a	5.07
Lateral frontal
L. Inferior frontal gyrus	46	-50	35	9	1848	7.82	-45	38	9	1822	7.03	-50	35	9	1659	6.77
^a	47	-33	24	-3	^a	7.74	-36	17	-6	^a	8.56	-36	29	-4	^a	5.34
^a	44	-48	9	15	^a	6.79	-54	9	15	^a	5.69	-45	9	11	^a	5.93
L. Precentral gyrus	6	-45	0	36	^a	5.64	-42	3	30	^a	6.40
L. Middle frontal gyrus	46/44	-50	30	21	^a	6.91	-48	33	18	^a	6.68
R. Inferior frontal gyrus	47	39	23	-4	863	7.03						36	26	-4	825	5.56
R. Insula	13	33	18	2	^a	7.30
R. Middle frontal gyrus	46/10	39	45	23	^a	3.59	50	30	21	826	6.57	50	27	15	^a	4.80
^a	45/47	53	27	18	^a	6.78	30	23	-9	^a	6.25
^a	10						42	48	20	14	2.71
^a	9	36	45	31	18	3.37						36	45	31	18	3.17
Temporal/occipital
L. Fusiform gyrus	37	-42	-64	-4	82	4.79	-42	-64	-4	41	2.59	-48	-61	-7	75	4.90
L. Inferior occipital gyrus	19	-45	-73	-1	^a	4.27	-45	-73	-1	^a	2.79	-42	-73	-4	^a	4.05
L. Inferior temporal gyrus	37	-53	-55	-10	^a	3.33						-53	-55	-10	^a	4.52
L. Middle temporal gyrus	22	-65	-37	10	27	3.93	-65	-40	16	27	3.03	-65	-38	7	27	3.19
L. Superior temporal gyrus	22	-65	-26	4	^a	3.87	-65	-26	4	^a	2.69	-65	-26	4	^a	3.14
R. Middle temporal gyrus	19	42	-81	21	10	3.53						42	-81	21	10	3.88
R. Middle occipital gyrus	19	48	-78	15	^a	3.21
Occipital/parietal
L. Postcentral gyrus	2	-48	-27	43	15	3.58	-48	-27	43	14	3.77	-50	-21	43	13	2.91
L. Cuneus	18	-6	-78	20	^a	3.96	-6	-75	18	^a	3.28	-6	-78	20	^a	3.27
^a							-6	-77	26	^a	2.68	-9	-83	26	28	3.89
R. Cuneus	18	6	-83	21	28	4.49	6	-84	18	20	3.9	3	-83	24	^a	2.98
Sub-cortical
L. Thalamus							0	-3	6	15	3	0	-9	3	22	4.29
R. Thalamus	^a	3	-9	3	22	4.23

No reliable regions were found for individual consistency type in Impaired Readers. Note: Clusters presented are more than 10 contiguous voxels surviving an alpha of 0.001 (uncorrected). All areas survive FDR corrected p < 0.05. Volume (Vol) of clusters is indicated in voxels of 3 mm³ for the maximal peak. BA: Brodmann’s Areas, x, y, z: Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates, t: statistical t-value, R: right, L: left.

Subpeaks of larger clusters immediately above.