List of words used in the study with values for frequencya and consistency, and the grapheme and phoneme length
| Word | Freqa | Ortho. Consist. |
Phono. Consist. |
Graph. Length |
Phon. Length |
#Friends | #Ortho. Enemy |
#Phono. Enemy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boom | 1.71 | 0.62 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
| Boss | 3.5 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 1 |
| Brain | 11.96 | 0.57 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 0 | 13 |
| Brass | 3.35 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
| Breast | 2.04 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 16 |
| Cage | 5.7 | 0.9 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 1 |
| Calm | 8.17 | 0.6 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Cap | 9.34 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 1 | 1 |
| Car | 62.52 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 2 |
| Card | 7.53 | 1 | 0.88 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| Care | 50.01 | 0.5 | 0.94 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 1 | 17 |
| Cart | 3.23 | 0.91 | 0.77 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 1 |
| Caught | 34.91 | 0.27 | 0.75 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
| Chance | 29 | 0.86 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
| Charm | 1.68 | 1 | 0.67 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| Chase | 2.46 | 0.25 | 0.67 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 12 |
| Cheat | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.82 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 12 |
| Cheer | 3.16 | 0.35 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 20 |
| Christ | 1.18 | 1 | 0.13 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 0 |
| Class | 37.21 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
| Clean | 28.81 | 0.42 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 11 |
| Clear | 37.7 | 0.48 | 0.75 | 5 | 4 | 15 | 5 | 16 |
| Climb | 12.03 | 0.08 | 0.5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 12 |
| Cone | 2.6 | 0.56 | 0.79 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 4 | 12 |
| Cork | 0.93 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| Cove | 1.1 | 0.82 | 0.6 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 2 |
| Crease | 0 | 0.5 | 0.57 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Dare | 5.37 | 0.5 | 0.94 | 4 | 3 | 17 | 1 | 17 |
| Deaf | 3.42 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Doll | 2.89 | 1 | 0.22 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 0 |
| Dose | 0.37 | 0.67 | 0.18 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 1 |
| Drown | 1.19 | 0.89 | 0.5 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 1 |
| Fall | 34.4 | 0.6 | 0.92 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 8 |
| Fan | 2.11 | 1 | 0.88 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 0 |
| Fist | 2.81 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 2 |
| Five | 59.51 | 1 | 0.82 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 0 |
| Flash | 6.13 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 5 | 4 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
| Flood | 3.33 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 6 |
| Fluff | 0.31 | 0.79 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 3 |
| Foe | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.89 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 25 |
| Food | 151.27 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 |
| Frost | 4.46 | 1 | 0.38 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 0 |
| Froze | 1.97 | 0.09 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 10 |
| Fruit | 12.48 | 0.1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
| Gone | 59.9 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 18 | 8 |
| Grade | 9.8 | 0.57 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 9 |
| Grand | 6.65 | 1 | 0.92 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 0 |
| Grow | 73.01 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 4 | 4 | 17 | 13 | 16 |
| Half | 61.44 | 0.4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Hatch | 2.67 | 1 | 0.8 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 0 |
| Hood | 2.43 | 0.57 | 0.44 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
| Hut | 5.31 | 0.75 | 0.9 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 3 |
| Jet | 2.77 | 0.75 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 0 | 4 |
| Mark | 23.04 | 0.9 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 1 |
| Mom | 16.08 | 0.2 | 0.33 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Moose | 1.8 | 0.36 | 0.8 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
| Nail | 2.98 | 0.56 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 19 | 0 | 15 |
| Name | 88.96 | 0.8 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 0 | 3 |
| Nod | 1.43 | 0.77 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 3 |
| Norm | 0 | 0.67 | 0.8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| Note | 14.19 | 0.33 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 10 |
| Page | 49.64 | 0.9 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 1 |
| Palm | 5.57 | 0.6 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Paste | 1.33 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| Phase | 0.64 | 0.09 | 0.33 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 21 |
| Pint | 0.43 | 1 | 0.08 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 0 |
| Plea | 0.07 | 0.2 | 0.83 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 20 |
| Pose | 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 4 |
| Putt | 0 | 0.17 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 10 |
| Quo | 0 | 0.12 | 0.57 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 29 |
| Run | 66.07 | 0.63 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 6 |
| Scarce | 2.12 | 1 | 0.5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Scheme | 0.51 | 0.14 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 12 |
| Seat | 17.88 | 0.54 | 0.82 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 12 |
| Seek | 3.52 | 0.38 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 16 |
| Shall | 29.27 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 2 |
| Shed | 4.98 | 0.5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| Shell | 8.09 | 0.89 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 16 | 0 | 2 |
| Sir | 21.99 | 0.25 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 12 |
| Slap | 1 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 4 | 4 | 17 | 1 | 1 |
| Soup | 3.92 | 0.18 | 0.75 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 14 |
| Splash | 1.77 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 6 | 5 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
| Spruce | 1.9 | 0.18 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 9 |
| Stroll | 0.45 | 0.3 | 0.78 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 16 |
| Stuff | 10.13 | 0.79 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 3 |
| Tax | 3.51 | 0.86 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
| Theme | 0.5 | 0.14 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 12 |
| Thigh | 0.28 | 0.14 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 24 |
| Thus | 10.34 | 0.57 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| Took | 134.4 | 1 | 0.92 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 0 |
| Trap | 5.97 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 4 | 4 | 17 | 1 | 1 |
| View | 11.17 | 0.02 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 44 |
| Walk | 44.23 | 0.71 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
| Weird | 1.44 | 0.5 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Woe | 0 | 0.24 | 0.89 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 25 |
a
The Educator’s Word Frequency Guide (1996). Touchstone Applied Science Associates, Inc.: Brewster, NY.