TABLE 1.
EXTRAPULMONARY EFFECTS OF INHALED NITRIC OXIDE
| Organ | Effect of iNO | Species | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNS | ↑ Cerebral blood flow | Swine | 66, 67 |
| CSF [NOx] ↑ proportionally with ↑ iNO dose | Swine | 67 | |
| Alters EEG | Human | 68 | |
| ↑ Neurodevelopmental outcome in premature infants | Human | 69 | |
| Heart | Attenuates LV dysfunction during sepsis | Swine, rat | 70–73 |
| ↑ Coronary artery patency after thrombolysis | Dog | 55, 74 | |
| ↓ Infarction size and LV dysfunction after ischemia–reperfusion injury | Mouse, rat | 57, 58 | |
| ↓ Myocardial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass | Human | 75 | |
| Peripheral vasculature | Alters regional blood flow remote from lung | Human, sheep, dog, rat | 15, 17, 76–80 |
| Kidney | ↑ Renal blood flow, GFR, and urine volume alter tubular salt and water resorption, no effect on CCr | Swine | 81 |
| Human | 82 | ||
| Bowel | ↓ Leukocyte adhesion in microcirculation during sepsis and ischemia–reperfusion | Rat, cat | 54, 56, 59 |
| ↑ Mesenteric blood flow after ischemia–reperfusion | Cat | 61 | |
| Pancreas | ↓ Trypsinogen activation during pancreatitis | Rat | 83 |
| Liver | Improves hepatic tissue oxygenation | Human | 84 |
| ↑ Hepatic nitrotyrosine | Rat | 85 | |
| Coagulation system | ↓ Platelet aggregation | Human | 86–89 |
| Immune system | PMN respiratory burst attenuated | Human | 90 |
| ↓ Pulmonary PMN sequestration during ECMO | Swine | 91 | |
| ↓ Platelet–leukocyte interactions in ARDS | Human | 88 |
Definition of abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; CCr = creatinine clearance; CNS = central nervous system; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EEG = electroencephalogram; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; iNO = inhaled NO; LV = left ventricular; NOx = nitrite and nitrate; PMN = polymorphonuclear neutrophil.