Table 1.

Compounds and Signals that Affect Hypothalamic AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activity.

Orexigenic signals (activators of hypothalamic AMPK)	Anorexigenic signals (inhibitors of hypothalamic AMPK)
Hypoglycaemia, 2-deoxyglucose (14–17)	Glucose (11, 14)
Agouti-related peptide (11)	Leptin (11)
Ghrelin (12, 27)	Insulin (11)
Cannabinoids (27)	C75 (46)
Glucocorticoids	α-Lipoic acid (14)
Adiponectin (42)	Metformin (17)
Low temperatures (53)	Ciliary neurotrophic factor analogue (20)
Thyroid hormones (50)	α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MT-II (a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist) (11, 73)