Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants by Treatment Condition

	BUP (n=60)		Methadone (n=56)
	%		%
Black	25		25
Hispanic	65		62
Employed full- or part-time	35		48
High school graduate/GED	72		64
Illegal activity main source of income	42		29
Medicaid at arrest	30		36
Homeless at arrest	10		16
Incident arrest – property crime	45		55
Incident arrest – drug-related	37		32
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years)	38.4	7.9	40.7	9.1
Arrests as adult	22.3	16.2	21.8	18.2
Substance Use, No. Days in Last 30 Before Jail
Heroin or other non-prescribed opioid use	28.0	6.4	28.6	4.8
Heroin	27.9	6.5	28.6	4.8
Other non-prescribed opioid use	2.3	4.5	1.6	3.4
“Street” methadone	2.2	4.5	1.5	3.4
Other illicit prescription opioid usea	0.4	1.6	0.9	3.3
Alcohol, heavy use (4 or more drinks per day)	4.4	10.5	4.4	10.0
Cocaine/crack	12.3	13.5	11.2	13.1
Sedative/tranquilizers	0.7	2.2	1.4	5.1
Medication-Assisted Treatment History	%		%
Ever in community methadone treatment	45		48
Ever methadone treatment in jail in NYC	73		80
Methadone in jail, past 6 months	20		11
Ever prescribed buprenorphine	7		2
Ever used buprenorphineb	28		11*

^aAfter methadone, the next most frequently reported prescription opioids were oxycodone and hydrocodone.

^bPrescribed or non-prescribed use. There were no reports of any buprenorphine use in the past 30 days before incarceration.

^*p<.05

Note: No other comparisons were statistically significant.