Table 6.
Effect of dietary silicon on bone health: tissue and osteoblast cell culture studies
| Studies | Methods | Study findings |
|---|---|---|
| Chick Embryos | ||
| Carlisle & Alpenfels (109) | Paired frontal bones (low (6.6 μM) vs 2.2 mM for 12 d) | ↑: dry weight (23%); collagen (43%), calcium content (14%), bone matrix polysaccharide (60%; d 8) |
| Carlisle & Alpenfels (110) | Paired proximal & distal tibial cartilaginous epiphyses (12 d) | ↑: dry weight (42%; d 8); collagen (60%; d 8) vs ↓ in low Si group, ↑ matrix polysaccharides (63-140%) |
| Carlisle & Garvey (111) | Chondrocytes from epiphyses (18 d) | ↑: procollagen hydroxyproline (243%), matrix polysaccharide (152%) – not due to cell proliferation |
| Carlisle & Suchil (112) | Paired tibial cartilaginous epiphyses (12 d) | ↑: dry weight (44%), cartilage (400%; d8), hexosamine, proline, hydroxyproline & non-collagenous protein |
| Carlisle & Alpenfels (113) | Paired tibial cartilaginous epiphyses (12 d) | ↑: proline synthesis (11-16 fold) with Si, |
| Carlisle et al. (114) | Prolyl hydroxylase from frontal bones (0.2, 0.5 & 2 mM Si; 8 d) | ↓: proline and hydroxyproline synthesis in low Si dose dependent increase in activity (5-10 fold) |
| Human Osteoblast Cells | ||
| Brady et al. (115) | From trabecular bone & MG-63 cell line (Zeolite A; 0.1-100 μg/ml) | ↑: Cell proliferation (124-270%), ALP activity (144-310%) |
| Mills et al. (116) | Zeolite A | ↑: Cell proliferation & extra cellular matrix |
| Keeting et al. (117) | From trabecular bone (Zeolite A; 0.1-100 μg/ml) | ↑: Cell proliferation (62%), ALP (50-100%), osteocalcin (100%) |
| Reffitt et al., (118) | Cell lines (MG-63 & HCC1), bone marrow aspirates & dermal fibroblasts (10-50 μM Si as OSA; 3 d) | ↑: type I collagen (40-80%), ALP activity (40%), osteocalcin (40%), ALP mRNA & osteocalcin mRNA |
| Arumugam et al. (119) | Osteoblast cells extracted from trabecular bone (5-50 μM Si as OSA; 20 h) | ↑: mRNA type I collagen (2-2.5 fold) |
↑ = increase; ↓ = decrease; ALP= alkaline phosphatase