Table 1.

Major Characteristics of Decision-Making Frameworks

Characteristic	Framework 1	Framework 2
Likelihood of prescribing opioids for chronic pain	Low	High
Perceived consequences of chronic opioid pain management	Increased illicit drug use	Decreased illicit drug use
Definition of prescription drug abuse	Broad	Narrow
Response to possible diversion	Terminate relationship	Maintain relationship
Perceived likelihood of disciplinary consequences	High	Low
Likelihood of treatment referral	High	Low
Strategy to determine authenticity of pain	Patient adherence with follow-up and referral appointments	Patient response to early trial of opioids