Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics, by depression status, after propensity score matching
| N (%) or mean (±SD) | Not Depressed (N = 47) | Depressed (N = 47) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.26 (±11.53) | 62.32 (±13.09) | .677 |
| Female | 14 (29.8%) | 10 (21.3%) | .344 |
| Non-white | 10 (21.3%) | 8 (17.0%) | .600 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.76 (±6.59) | 28.07 (±6.19) | .599 |
| Duration of HF (months) | 20.32 (±26.28) | 23.64 (±30.96) | .577 |
| Primary cause of HF | |||
| Ischemic | 32 (68.1%) | 32 (68.1%) | .980 |
| Hypertensive | 6 (12.8%) | 5 (10.6%) | |
| Idiopathic | 5 (10.6%) | 6 (12.8%) | |
| Others | 4 (8.5%) | 4 (8.5%) | |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 29 (61.7%) | 32 (68.1%) | .517 |
| Current angina | 22 (46.8%) | 18 (38.3%) | .404 |
| Hypertension | 21 (44.7%) | 21 (44.7%) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes | 14 (29.8%) | 14 (29.8%) | 1.00 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 (36.2%) | 20 (42.6%) | .527 |
| Medications | |||
| Pre-trial use of digoxin | 17 (36.2%) | 16 (34.0%) | .829 |
| Trial use of digoxin | 23 (48.9%) | 17 (36.2%) | .211 |
| ACE inhibitors | 46 (97.9%) | 43 (91.5%) | .168 |
| Non-potassium-sparing diuretics | 39 (83.0%) | 35 (74.5%) | .313 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | 3 (6.4%) | 4 (8.5%) | .694 |
| Potassium supplement | 14 (29.8%) | 13 (27.7%) | .820 |
| Symptoms and signs of HF | |||
| Dyspnea at rest | 14 (29.8%) | 14 (29.8%) | 1.00 |
| Dyspnea on exertion | 39 (83.0%) | 42 (89.4%) | .370 |
| Limitation of activity | 38 (80.9%) | 41 (87.2%) | .398 |
| Jugular venous distension | 3 (6.4%) | 4 (8.5%) | .694 |
| Third heart sound | 6 (12.8%) | 10 (21.3%) | .272 |
| Pulmonary râles | 6 (12.8%) | 7 (14.9%) | .765 |
| Lower extremity edema | 9 (19.1%) | 12 (25.5%) | .458 |
| NYHA functional class, % | |||
| Class I | 7 (14.9%) | 6 (12.8%) | .944 |
| Class II | 18 (38.3%) | 20 (42.6%) | |
| Class III | 19 (40.4%) | 19 (40.4%) | |
| Class IV | 3 (6.4%) | 2 (4.3%) | |
| Heart rate (/minute), | 78.40 (±11.35) | 78.36 (±14.05) | .987 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| Systolic | 126.83 (±17.78) | 127.96 (±19.19) | .768 |
| Diastolic | 74.28 (±10.71) | 76.85 (±12.16) | .279 |
| Chest radiograph findings | |||
| Pulmonary congestion | 7 (14.9%) | 5 (10.6%) | .536 |
| Cardiothoracic ratio >0.5 | 28 (59.6%) | 29 (61.7%) | .833 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.34 (±0.39) | 4.31 (±0.44) | .692 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.22 (±0.34) | 1.27 (±0.34) | .448 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 66.43 (±18.84) | 65.30 (±21.45) | .787 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 35.83 (±13.00) | 35.79 (±14.84) | .988 |