. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Nutr. 2008 Aug 16;47(6):335–340. doi: 10.1007/s00394-008-0732-9

Table 2.

Univariate relationship between carotenoids and other risk factors with all-cause mortality in older adults

Characteristic	HR	95% CI	P
Plasma carotenoids (μmol/l)		P^a for trend	<0.0001
Tertile 1	1.00	–	–
Tertile 2	0.712	0.520–0.977	0.04
Tertile 3	0.445	0.318–0.623	<0.0001
Age (years)	1.206	1.177–1.236	<0.001
Sex (female)	0.747	0.572–0.976	0.03
Education (years)	0.867	0.822–0.915	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	0.951	0.917–0.987	0.008
Total energy intake (kcal/day)	0.956	0.932–0.980	0.0004
Current smoking	1.098	0.747–1.612	0.64
Congestive heart failure	1.628	1.389–1.908	<0.001
Coronary heart disease	1.409	0.762–2.603	0.27
Cancer	1.416	0.840–2.388	0.19
Stroke	2.311	1.726–3.095	<0.0001

P for trend was obtained by considering selenium quartile level as an ordinal variable