Table 2.
Sample characteristics and daily nutrient intakes (as measured by food frequency questionnaire) by dietary pattern among participants of the Diet and Physical Activity Sub-Study1
| Characteristics | Dietary Pattern |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fast food (n=153) |
Southern (n=99) |
Prudent (n=63) |
Juice (n=58) |
|
| Sample Characteristics | ||||
| Age 2, 3, y (n=373) | 57.8 ± 0.74 a | 64.6 ± 0.93 b | 62.7 ± 1.17 b | 61.0 ± 1.21 a, b |
| Women 4, %, (n= 373) | 57.5 a | 52.5 a | 74.6 b | 58.6 a |
| Body Mass Index 2, 5, kg/m2, (n=352) | 31.7 ± 0.56 a, b | 29.4 ± 0.72 a | 30.0 ± 0.88 a, b | 33.4 ± 0.90 b |
| Smoking Status 4, %, (n=373) | ||||
| - Never | 62.8 | 60.6 | 76.2 | 69.0 |
| - Former | 25.5 | 29.3 | 19.1 | 25.9 |
| - Current | 11.8 | 10.1 | 4.8 | 5.2 |
| Education 4, %, (n=370) | ||||
| - <12 y | 15.8 | 26.8 | 12.7 | 8.6 |
| - High School Diploma/GED 6 | 20.4 | 26.8 | 20.6 | 12.1 |
| - Vocational or some college | 15.8 | 12.4 | 17.5 | 22.4 |
| - Associates degree or higher | 48.0 | 34.0 | 49.2 | 56.9 |
| Vitamin/Mineral Supplement Use 4, % (n=373) | 58.8 | 60.6 | 73.0 | 53.5 |
| Vitamin E Supplement Use 4, 7, % (n=373) | 21.0 | 18.2 | 28.6 | 24.1 |
| Nutrients (n =373) | ||||
| Energy 2, 8, kcal/d | 2157 ± 53 b | 1869 ± 66 a | 1733 ± 82 a | 1824 ± 85 a |
| Fat 2, 9, % energy | 36.4 ± 0.41 b | 36.1 ± 0.50 b | 30.7 ± 0.63 a | 30.9 ± 0.64 a |
| Trans Fats 2, 9, g | 5.33 ± 0.13 b | 5.24 ± 0.16 b | 4.22 ± 0.20 a | 4.34 ± 0.21 a |
| Saturated Fat 2, 9, % energy | 11.4 ± 0.15 b | 10.9 ± 0.18 b | 9.20 ± 0.23 a | 9.21 ± 0.24 a |
| Carbohydrate 2, 9, % energy | 49.1 ± 0.54 a | 50.1 ± 0.66 a | 54.6 ± 0.82 b | 55.2 ± 0.84 b |
| Dietary Fiber 2, 9, g | 16.3 ± 0.34 a, b | 15.5 ± 0.42 a | 21.0 ± 0.52 c | 17.5 ± 0.54 b |
| Protein 2, 9, % energy | 14.9 ± 0.21 a | 14.4 ± 0.25 a | 15.9 ± 0.32 a | 14.8 ± 0.32 a |
Cluster names were based on relative energy contributions of food groups
Mean ± Standard Error. Values in the same row with different superscript letters (a, b) or (a, b, c) are significantly different, (P < 0.05, after Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons)
Adjusted for sex
Homogeneity across strata tested with χ2 test showed P < 0.05 for education, but not for smoking or vitamin use
Adjusted for age, sex, energy intake and physical activity levels
GED: General Educational Development certificate
Vitamin E supplement use 400 International Units and higher
Adjusted for age and sex
Adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake