Table 1.

Nomograms and prognostic formula for prediction of outcome with paraquat concentrations

References	Location	Patients	Prognostic formula for survival	Validated by authors	Limitations in application
Proudfoot et al.5	UK: London, Edinburgh, Scotland	71	Patients with paraquat levels less than a line connecting concentrations of 2.0, 0.6, 0.3, 0.16 and 0.1 μg/ml at 4, 6, 10, 16 and 24 h survive.	No	Applicable only between 4 and 24 h.
Hart et al.7	UK	219	Graph plasma paraquat levels vs. time since ingestion. Generating contour map lines denoting equal probability of survival.	No	Applicable up to 28 h. Nomogram unable to assign risk to concentrations taken <4 h which are > 5.5 μg/ml.
Scherrmann et al.6	France	30	Survivors have plasma paraquat levels less than C μg/ml where C = 1/(0.471 × (h since ingestion) −1.302)	No	Curve is used to extend Proudfoot for use beyond 24 h. Applicable >4 h.
Sawada et al.8	Japan	30	SIPP = time to treatment (h) × serum PQ concentration (μg/ml) SIPP < 10 predicts survival SIPP 10–50 death from lung fibrosis, SIPP > 50 death from circulatory failure.	No	Applicable up to 200 h.
Jones et al.4	Review of worldwide literature	375	Probability of survival = exp(logit)/[1 + exp(logit)] Logit = 0.58−[2.33 × log10 (plasma paraquat μg/ml)] − [1.15 × log10 (h since ingestion)]	No	Applicable up to 200 h.