Table 5.

Means and standard deviations for each treatment group and cohort on measures administered at the beginning of first grade.

			PALS 1–3a	Grade 1	WJBSCb	Grade 1
			At Risk	Not At Risk	At Risk	Not At Risk
IO	Baseline	Mean	27.66	50.03	93.68	111.28
	(n=129)	(SD)	13.78	16.32	13.09	15.09
	Implementation	Mean	37.98	52.61	100.73	113.88
	(n=107)	(SD)	15.34	14.38	11.46	15.53
	Maintenance	Mean	38.45	57.04	99.54	116.24
	(n=110)	(SD)	15.16	14.09	11.01	15.34
PDO	Baseline	Mean	38.12	57.01	100.03	113.70
	(n=131)	(SD)	16.60	16.18	11.99	13.80
	Implementation	Mean	43.25	57.62	102.82	116.29
	(n=151)	(SD)	15.01	13.74	10.56	13.57
	Maintenance	Mean	45.69	60.57	104.79	117.71
	(n=129)	(SD)	16.15	14.13	10.87	13.38
PD+I	Baseline	Mean	43.66	59.78	101.95	115.56
	(n=109)	(SD)	15.47	13.72	11.96	12.72
	Implementation	Mean	47.97	65.74	105.17	120.09
	(n=119)	(SD)	16.12	9.64	13.85	10.57
	Maintenance	Mean	48.64	63.16	104.99	118.21
	(n= 120)	(SD)	16.00	12.56	13.03	12.01

^aPhonological Awareness Literacy Screening, first through third grade version

^bWoodcock-Johnson Basic Skills Cluster