Fig. 1.

Hypoxia in the livers of bile duct-ligated mice. Wild-type mice were subjected to sham operation or bile duct ligation (BDL). One, 3, 7, and 14 days later, the mice received 120 mg/kg pimonidazole. One hour later, the mice were killed and immunohistochemistry was used to detect pimonidazole-sulfur adducts (i.e., hypoxia) in the liver, which appears green in the photomicrographs. The liver sections were counterstained with phalloidin (red staining) to more clearly define the cells in the liver. A: liver section from a mouse subjected to sham operation 3 days earlier. B: liver section from a mouse subjected to bile duct ligation 3 days earlier. PP: periportal region. C: total area of hypoxia staining was analyzed morphometrically. Data are expressed as means ± SE. *Significantly different (P < 0.05) from sham-operated mice; n = 6 where each n represents a liver section from a different mouse.