. 2009 Jan 26;32(4):647–649. doi: 10.2337/dc08-1311

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and regression results of the relationship between prescription fills by drug class, hospitalization, hospital days, and Medicare spending for Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, 1997–2004

Drug classes	Number of drug users (%)	Mean ± SD annual prescription fills	Hospitalization risk		Inpatient days		Medicare spending (2006 USD)
Drug classes	Number of drug users (%)	Mean ± SD annual prescription fills	Unadjusted%	Conditional marginal effect of an additional prescription fill on the probability of hospitalization	Unadjusted mean ± SD	Conditional marginal effect of an additional prescription fill on inpatient days	Unadjusted mean ± SD	Conditional marginal effect of an additional prescription fill on Medicare spending
Older oral antidiabetes agents^*	6,747 (47.1)	8.3 ± 5.6	27.4	−0.3 (−0.5 to −0.04)^†	2.8 ± 8.4	−0.04 (−0.06 to −0.02)^‡	8,565 ± 16,937	−71 (−114 to −28)^§
Newer oral antidiabetes agents^‖	1,910 (13.3)	5.8 ± 4.1	30.8	0.1 (−0.5 to 0.7)	3.5 ± 10.1	−0.02 (−0.06 to −0.02)	10,436 ± 19,533	66 (−41 to 174)
Insulins	875 (6.1)	6.0 ± 5.1	42.9	−0.6 (−1.5 to 0.2)	6.1 ± 13.9	0.03 (−0.03 to 0.10)	16,950 ± 28,412	27 (−165 to 219)
ACE inhibitors	5,490 (38.4)	6.5 ± 4.0	32.3	−0.9 (−1.3 to −0.5)^‡	3.6 ± 9.5	−0.07 (−0.10 to −0.04)^‡	11,019 ± 20,509	−164 (−238 to −91)^‡
ARBs	1,724 (12.0)	5.9 ± 3.8	31.3	−1.3 (−2.0 to 0.6)^‡	3.6 ± 9.7	−0.12 (−0.16 to −0.07)^‡	11,592 ± 20,992	−159 (−284 to −34)^†
Statins	4,641 (32.4)	6.0 ± 3.8	29.5	−0.5 (−0.9 to −0.04)^†	3.1 ± 9.1	−0.05 (−0.09 to −0.02)^§	10,396 ± 19,847	−107 (−193 to −21)^†
Other lipid-lowering agents	936 (6.5)	5.3 ± 3.8	28.3	—^¶	2.7 ± 8.0	−0.07 (−0.14 to 0.00)	9,828 ± 20,012	−48 (−204 to 108)

*Includes metformin and sulfonylureas.

†P < 0.05, significant difference;

‡P < 0.001, significant difference;

§P < 0.01, significant difference.

‖Includes thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, and α-glucosidase inhibitors.

¶Estimate failed to converge.