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Molecular mechanism of IL-6 induced IL-4 production. Stimulation by IL-6 activates the transcription factors STAT3 through JAKs and C/EBP through the ras-ERK MAPK cascade. STAT3 upregulates c-maf expression while C/EBP may mediate upregulation of NFATc2. c-maf and NFATc2 activate in a potentially synergistic manner the expression of IL-4. Autocrine production of IL-4 will subsequently promote Th2 differentiation.
