Table 2.

Divergence time and migration rate estimates. A coalescence model was used to estimate maximum-likelihood values of θ (2N_eμ), M (2N_em), and T (t_div/2N_e) (Nielsen & Wakeley 2001), and divergence time estimates in years were based on a range of mtDNA mutation rate estimates for avian taxa (0.01–0.025 substitutions per site per million years). Parenthetical values correspond to standard deviations calculated from the mean of three independent Markov Chain Monte Carlo runs.

	θ (s.d.)	M (s.d.)	T (s.d.)	0.01 (ss−1Myr−1)	0.025 (ss−1Myr−1)
clade A versus clade B	14.54 (0.08)	0.04 (0.01)	0.81 (0.06)	565 677	226 271
clade A: hermit versus coastal Townsend's	5.70 (0.11)	1.17 (0.04)	0.50 (0.05)	136 878	54 755
clade B: interior versus coastal Townsend's	8.50 (0.27)	48.07 (5.66)	0.001 (0.00)	408	163