. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2008 Jul 26;9(11):1026–1035. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.06.002

Table 3.

Age and Gender-Adjusted Odds of Receiving >90 Day Supply of Opioids in 2005 by Pain Type and Number among All HealthCore and Arkansas Medicaid Enrollees

	HealthCore (N=3,768,223)		Arkansas Medicaid (N= 127,866)
Pain Diagnosis^*	Odds Ratio	95% CI	Odds Ratio	95% CI
Arthritis or joint pain	0.99	0.97-1.00	1.91	1.81-2.01
Back pain	2.33	2.29-2.37	3.86	3.69-4.04
Neck pain	1.80	1.76-1.83	2.69	2.55-2.84
Headache	2.45	2.38-2.52	2.08	1.93-2.24
Number of pain diagnoses^†
1	0.58	0.57-0.59	1.13	1.05-1.21
2	1.47	1.44-1.51	3.56	3.31-3.84
3	2.53	2.46-2.60	7.21	6.61-7.86
4	6.42	6.02-6.83	12.73	10.70-15.14

Reference=all enrollees without the pain diagnosis of interest

^†

Reference=no pain diagnosis