Figure 5. Evolutionary dynamics under modularly varying goals (MVG) converges to the modular solution.

Goals are switched between G ₁ = [v = (1,1), u = (1,1)] and G ₂ = [v = (1,−1), u = (1,−1)] every t = 100/r time units. A typical trajectory of the matrix elements is shown, where small black dots represent the dynamics of the system in 100/r time steps resolution. Empty and full circles represent the optimal and modular solutions respectively.