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. 2009 Apr 10;5(4):e1000354. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000354

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Giurumescu et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The anchor cell (AC) stimulates the vulva precursor cells Pn.p with LIN-3 in a graded manner. These cells laterally interact with their neighbors through the LIN-12 pathway. The crosstalk between LIN-3 and LIN-12 signaling results in the wild-type pattern of differentiation 3°3°2°1°2°3°. In the wild-type organism, the 1° vulval lineage generates progeny that forms the orifice and connects to the uterus, while the 2° vulval lineage generates progeny that form the vulval lips and connect to the body epidermis. The daughters of the 3° cells fuse to the surrounding syncytium and do not contribute to the vulval tissue.