TABLE 2.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) for Associations Between Being Pressured by a Client Into Unprotected Sexual Intercourse and Individual and Contextual Factors Among Female Street-Based Sex Workers: The Maka Project, Vancouver, British Columbia, 2006
| Pressured by a Client Into Unprotected Sexual Intercourse |
||||
| Characteristic | Yes (n = 51), No. (%) | No (n = 154), No. (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
| Individual factors | ||||
| Cocaine injection | 16 (31) | 48 (31) | 1.01 (0.51, 2.00) | … |
| Heroin injection | 5 (49) | 66 (43) | 1.28 (0.70, 2.42) | … |
| Crystal methamphetamine injection | 9 (18) | 17 (11) | 1.73 (0.72, 4.20) | … |
| Daily crack cocaine smoking | 28 (55) | 93 (63) | 0.71 (0.37, 1.35) | … |
| Drug bingeing | 18 (35) | 43 (28) | 1.41 (0.72, 2.76) | … |
| Microlevel factors | ||||
| Having an intimate male partner | 17 (33) | 54 (35) | 0.93 (0.47, 1.81) | … |
| Having an intimate partner who obtains drugs for you | 12 (24) | 33 (21) | 1.13 (0.53, 2.40) | … |
| Exchanging sexual intercourse while highb | 35 (69) | 80 (52) | 2.02 (1.04, 4.00) | … |
| Borrowing a used crack pipe from a client | 25 (49) | 41 (27) | 2.65 (1.38, 5.10) | 2.51 (1.20, 4.98) |
| Working with other women or using a “spotter”c | 10 (20) | 21 (14) | 1.55 (0.67, 3.55) | … |
| Experiencing client-perpetrated violence | 14 (28) | 23 (15) | 2.16 (1.01, 4.60) | 2.08 (1.06, 4.49) |
| Environmental–structural factors | ||||
| Having a zoning restriction because of previous solicitation or drug charges | 9 (18) | 9 (6) | 3.45 (1.29, 9.25) | 3.39 (1.20, 9.36) |
| Having moved working areas away from DTES or main streets because of policing | 35 (69) | 56 (36) | 3.29 (1.42, 7.63) | 3.10 (1.39, 7.44) |
| Experiencing harassment by security guards | 21 (41) | 44 (29) | 1.75 (0.91, 3.38) | 1.56 (0.85, 3.10) |
| Working on main, well-lit streets | 15 (29) | 48 (31) | 0.90 (0.46, 1.84) | … |
| Working in industrial areasb | 36 (77) | 91 (59) | 2.25 (1.10, 4.63) | … |
| Servicing clients in cars and in public spaces (alleys, parks) | 39 (76) | 91 (59) | 3.03 (1.67, 6.14) | 2.98 (1.59, 5.93) |
| Servicing clients in indoor settings (saunas, hourly rooms, hotels) | 11 (21) | 50 (32) | 0.59 (0.23, 2.64) | … |
Note. CI = confidence interval; DTES = Downtown Eastside Vancouver, BC.
a
Variables that were significant in bivariate analysis at P < .01 were entered into the multivariate model; adjusted ORs refer to variables significant at P < .05. Ellipses mean the bivariate variables were not significant.
b
Variable not entered into logistic model because of high collinearity with another variable.
c
A spotter is another worker who takes down clients' information or license plates.