Table 3. Cutoff scores of the HADS subscales and total score.
| Score | Sensitivity | Specificity | (Sensitivity+specificity)/2 | PPV | NPV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HADS Depression | ||||||
| Clinical | ⩾2 | 0.95 | 0.21 | 0.58 | 0.35 | 0.89 |
| Regular ZS | ⩾8 | 0.55 | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.78 |
| Balanced | ⩾5 | 0.82 | 0.49 | 0.65 | 0.42 | 0.85 |
| Specific ZS | ⩾11 | 0.30 | 0.88 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.73 |
| Specific | ⩾15 | 0.10 | 0.96 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.70 |
| HADS anxiety | ||||||
| Clinical | ⩾3 | 0.95 | 0.18 | 0.56 | 0.35 | 0.88 |
| Regular ZS | ⩾8 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.48 | 0.82 |
| Balanced | ⩾7 | 0.75 | 0.56 | 0.67 | 0.44 | 0.83 |
| Specific ZS | ⩾11 | 0.37 | 0.86 | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.75 |
| Specific | ⩾15 | 0.11 | 0.95 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.70 |
| HADS total score | ||||||
| Clinical | ⩾6 | 0.96 | 0.21 | 0.59 | 0.36 | 0.91 |
| Regular ZS | ⩾16 | 0.59 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.53 | 0.80 |
| Balanced | ⩾13 | 0.76 | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.84 |
| Specific ZS | ⩾22 | 0.30 | 0.89 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.73 |
| Specific | ⩾27 | 0.14 | 0.95 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.71 |
Balanced=best trade between sensitivity and specificity; Clinical=recommended score for clinical purposes, that is, sensitivity min 0.95; Regular ZS=optimal score in identifying suspicious cases according to Zigmond and Snaith; Specific=specificity min 0.95; Specific ZS=optimal score in identifying safe cases according to Zigmond and Snaith; NPV=negative predictive value; PPV=positive predictive value.