Table 2.
Hemodynamic responses (mean ± SD) during 5-hr exposure to FA or CAPs in 13 dogs.
| Parameter | FAa (n = 63 days) | CAPs a (n = 53 days) | Crude differenceb | Adjusted differencec | p-Valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 138.3 ± 19.9 | 140.9 ± 19.3 | 2.6 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 0.006 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 87.2 ± 13.8 | 91.9 ± 12.1 | 4.7 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| Mean pressure (mmHg) | 104.3 ± 14.6 | 108.2 ± 12.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 51.1 ± 14.6 | 49.0 ± 16.2 | −2.1 | −1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.02 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 98.0 ± 13.7 | 98.4 ± 11.6 | 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
| Rate–pressure product (bpm × mmHg) | 13,426 ± 2,465 | 13,821 ± 2,337 | 395 | 539 ± 110 | < 0.001 |
a
Mean ± SD from 5- min average data.
b
Estimated as difference between mean levels during FA and CAPs exposures.
c
Estimated effect of CAPs exposure ± SE from a linear mixed model controlling for dog as a fixed effect, week-within-dog as a random effect, and first-order autoregressive serially correlated errors over time within exposure group.