Table 4.

Estimated hemodynamic response for an interquartile range increase in fine PM mass, black carbon, and particle count concentrations.

	Fine PM mass			Black carbon			Particle count
Parameter	Effect	95% CI	p-Value	Effect	95% CI	p-Value	Effect	95% CI	p-Value
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	1.1	0.0 to 2.1	0.050	1.3	−0.1 to 2.7	0.074	2.6	0.8 to 4.4	0.004
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	1.1	0.2 to 2.1	0.02	1.9	0.7 to 3.1	0.002	1.8	0.3 to 3.3	0.017
Mean pressure (mmHg)	1.1	0.2 to 2.0	0.02	1.6	0.4 to 2.8	0.007	2.0	0.5 to 3.5	0.008
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	−0.4	−1.3 to 0.5	0.40	−0.9	−2.1 to 0.2	0.11	0.3	−0.9 to 1.5	0.63
Heart rate (bpm)	0.9	0.3 to 1.5	0.004	1.8	1.0 to 2.5	< 0.001	2.4	1.5 to 3.3	< 0.001
Rate–pressure product (bpm × mmHg)	212	84 to 341	0.001	351	185 to 517	< 0.001	617	415 to 819	< 0.001

Interquartile ranges were 231.6 μg/m³ for mass concentration, 19,650 particles/cm³ for particle number concentration, and 6.5 μg/m³ for black carbon concentration.