Table 4.

Change in rate ratio (RR) of nonfatal chronic heart failure (CHF) event after adjustment for unmeasured confounders (Greenland's Monte-Carlo approach)

	Prevalence of risk factor* (high risk; medium risk)‡		Odds ratio† (CI)
Scenario	High adherence group	Low adherence group	High risk‡	Medium risk‡	Estimated RR of nonfatal CHF event
1	15% (8%; 7%)	19% (12%; 7%)	1.8 (1.2, 2.3)	1.3 (1.1, 1.8)	0.84 (0.78, 0.91)
2	15% (8%; 7%)	19% (12%; 7%)	2.5 (1.6, 3.5)	2.0 (1.2, 3.0)	0.85 (0.79, 0.92)
3	15% (8%; 7%)	25% (12%; 13%)	1.8 (1.2, 2.3)	1.3 (1.1, 1.8)	0.85 (0.79, 0.91)
4	15% (8%; 7%)	25% (18%; 7%)	1.8 (1.2, 2.3)	1.3 (1.1, 1.8)	0.87 (0.80, 0.94)
5	15% (8%; 7%)	25% (18%; 7%)	3.0 (1.2, 4.0)	2.0 (1.1, 3.0)	0.94 (0.84, 1.08)
6	15% (8%; 7%)	25% (18%; 7%)	4.0 (1.2, 5.0)	2.0 (1.1, 3.0)	1.00 (0.87, 1.18)

^*Proportion at high risk and medium risk in high-adherence and low-adherence groups.

^†Risk factor between the confounder and CHF event.

^‡High risk and medium risk are defined as smokers (proportion of current smokers or social smokers) or obesity (proportion of severe obesity or moderated).