Table 3.
Summary of pooled analyses for all outcomes (relative risks)
| Outcomes | No of trials | RR (95% CI); P value | Heterogeneity I2 (%); Q (P value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random effects model | Fixed effects model | |||
| Mortality during infancy | 6 | 0.92 (0.75 to 1.12); 0.393 | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.02); 0.090 | 54.1; 10.90 (0.053) |
| Mortality during neonatal period | 3 | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08); 0.270 | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08); 0.270 | 0; 0.36 (0.834) |
| Cause specific mortality: | ||||
| Respiratory | 4 | 1.11 (0.82 to 1.51); 0.484 | 1.11 (0.82 to 1.51); 0.484 | 0; 0.34 (0.951) |
| Diarrhoeal | 4 | 0.98 (0.42 to 2.28); 0.955 | 0.95 (0.61 to 1.48); 0.809 | 66; 8.83 (0.032) |
| Others | 4 | 0.76 (0.56 to 1.02); 0.064 | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.94); 0.009 | 48.2; 5.79 (0.122) |
| Morbidities: | ||||
| Diarrhoea | 3 | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.09); 0.097 | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.09); 0.097 | 0; 0.99 (0.609) |
| Acute respiratory infection or respiratory difficulty | 2 | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21); 0.015 | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21); 0.015 | 0; 0.03 (0.867) |
| Cough or running nose | 3 | 0.98 (0.85 to 1.13); 0.770 | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07); 0.240 | 68.7; 6.4 (0.041) |
| Ear infection | 1 | 0.33 (0.03 to 3.38); 0.350 | 0.33 (0.03 to 3.38); 0.350 | Not applicable |
| Fever | 2 | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.47); 0.548 | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05); 0.209 | 61.8; 2.62 (0.106) |
| Vomiting | 1 | 1.22 (0.57 to 2.61); 0.608 | 1.22 (0.57 to 2.61); 0.608 | NA |
| Severe morbidity requiring: | ||||
| Clinic visits | 2 | 0.81 (0.72 to 0.91); 0.001 | 0.81 (0.72 to 0.91); 0.001 | 0; 0.37 (0.542) |
| Admission to hospital | 1 | 0.75 (0.26 to 2.16); 0.593 | 0.75 (0.26 to 2.16); 0.593 | NA |
| Early adverse effects: | ||||
| Bulging fontanelle | 5 | 1.16 (0.81 to 1.65); 0.418 | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.25); 0.457 | 65.3; 11.52 (0.021) |
| Vomiting | 4 | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.09); 0.308 | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.02); 0.109 | 23.7; 3.93 (0.269) |
| Vomiting* | 5 | 0.91 (0.78 to 1.06); 0.214 | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.02); 0.092 | 13.9; 4.65 (0.326) |
| Irritability | 3 | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.11); 0.713 | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.11); 0.700 | 1.0; 2.02 (0.364) |
| Diarrhoea | 3 | 0.92 (0.64 to 1.33); 0.660 | 0.93 (0.79 to 1.09); 0.358 | 70.1; 6.69 (0.035) |
| Fever | 4 | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.24); 0.916 | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.24); 0.916 | 0; 1.86 (0.603) |
NA=not applicable.
*If all early adverse effects are presumed to be vomiting in Rahmathullah trialw17 (see explanation in appendix 1 on bmj.com).