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Retinoic acid activates the PAK pathways in C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells were stimulated for the indicated times with either 1 mm AICAR (A) or 10 μm retinoic acid (B). The cell lysates (20 μg) were analyzed via Western blotting for anti-phospho-PAK antibody. Blotting with anti-PAK and β-actin antibodies were conducted as protein loading control. These results represent one of three independent experiments. IB, immunoblot.
