Table 4.

Mean stability scores by valence, intervention, and trait type

Culture–age		N	Intervention/trait type								Overall	S.D.
			Effort/psych		Effort/physical		Maturation/psych		Maturation/physical
			Mean	S.D.	Mean	S.D.	Mean	S.D.	Mean	S.D.
Negative traits
	Jpn 5–6	32	2.61	0.38	2.50	0.49*	2.11	0.80	1.86	0.76	2.27	0.44
	US 5–6	40	2.45	0.52	2.21	0.62	1.90	0.82	1.93	0.76	2.12	0.46
	Total	72	2.52	0.46	2.34	0.58	1.99	0.81	1.90	0.75	2.19	0.45
	Jpn 8–10	32	2.53	0.42***	2.14	0.54***	1.52	0.59*	1.27	0.54	1.87	0.37***
	US 8–10	40	2.29	0.34	1.79	0.42	1.31	0.38	1.30	0.35	1.67	0.23
	Total	72	2.40	0.39	1.94	0.51	1.40	0.49	1.28	0.44	1.77	0.32
	Jpn adult	65	2.36	0.38**	1.77	0.53****	1.36	0.45***	1.20	0.34	1.67	0.24***
	US adult	64	2.20	0.35	1.40	0.50	1.15	0.33	1.15	0.30	1.48	0.23
	Total	129	2.28	0.37	1.59	0.55	1.26	0.41	1.17	0.32	1.57	0.24
Overall		273	2.41	0.41	1.97	0.63	1.56	0.64	1.45	0.58
Positive traits
	Jpn 5–6	32	2.82	0.30	2.73	0.52	2.06	0.66	2.36	0.56	2.50	0.51
	US 5–6	40	2.68	0.44	2.76	0.30	2.21	0.72	2.32	0.56	2.49	0.51
	Total	72	2.75	0.39	2.75	0.41	2.15	0.69	2.34	0.56	2.50	0.51
	Jpn 8–10	32	2.86	0.29**	2.91	0.30	2.00	0.61	2.30	0.52	2.52	0.43
	US 8–10	40	2.68	0.35	2.89	0.24	1.96	0.57	2.31	0.55	2.46	0.43
	Total	72	2.76	0.34	2.90	0.26	1.98	0.58	2.31	0.54	2.49	0.43
	Jpn adult	65	2.85	0.28***	2.82	0.30	2.46	0.44	2.49	0.38**	2.65	0.35**
	US adult	64	2.98	0.11	2.86	0.23	2.45	0.44	2.64	0.37	2.73	0.29
	Total	129	2.91	0.22	2.84	0.27	2.45	0.44	2.57	0.38	2.69	0.33
Overall		273	2.81	0.31	2.83	0.31	2.19	0.58	2.40	0.49

Negative traits: 1 (stable negative trait) to 3 (extreme positive change); positive traits: 3 (stable positive trait) to 1 (extreme negative change).

Cultural differences:

^*0.05 < p < 0.10

^**p < 0.05

^***p < 0.01

^****p < 0.001.