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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Biol. 2008 Sep 9;383(5):1008–1018. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.080

Figure 1. Effect of copper on protein binding to AP-1 elements.

Figure 1

COS-7 cells were exposed to 400 µM copper 4 or 24 h (panel A). To increase intracellular oxidative stress, cells were pretreated for 8 h with BSO prior to exposure to copper (panel B). To decrease the levels of intracellular oxidative stress, cells were pre-treated for 6 h with aspirin prior to copper treatment (panel C). In PKC inhibition experiments, cells were treated with H7 for 30 min prior to exposure to copper (panel D). Data are expressed as mean fold induction +/− S.E.M in comparison to untreated controls. * indicates significantly different from untreated controls by ANOVA, p < 0.05, n = 3 observations. Panel E, Representative EMSA of the data presented in panel A, *indicates reactions that contained excess non-radiolabeled AP-1 oligonucleotide.