Figure 4. Effect of copper on MAP kinase phosphorylation.
COS-7 cells were exposed to 400 µM copper 4 h or 24 h. A. Representative Western immunoblots of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated JNK/SAPK (upper panel), p38 (middle panel), and ERK(lower panel). B. Changes in the phosphorylation of JNK/SAPK (upper panel) p46 (solid bars) and p54 (open bars) isoforms, p38 (middle panel), and ERK(lower panel); p42 (solid bars) and p44 (open bars) isoforms were measured by Western immunoblot analysis. Data are expressed as mean fold induction +/− S.E.M. in comparison to untreated controls. * indicates significantly different from untreated cells by ANOVA, p < 0.05, n = 3 observations.