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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Biol. 2008 Sep 9;383(5):1008–1018. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.080

Figure 6. Copper-induced 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal production.

Figure 6

The amount of HNE produced in a reaction containing phosphatidylcholine vesicles (1 mg/ml) that were incubated for 24 h with 100 µM copper and 1 mM ascorbate (upper panel). COS-7 cells were incubated for 4 or 24 h with 400 µM copper and the levels of HNE determined (lower panel). Data are expressed as mean fold induction +/− S.E.M. in comparison to untreated controls. * indicates significantly different from untreated cells by ANOVA, p < 0.05, n = 3 observations.