Figure 6. Copper-induced 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal production.
The amount of HNE produced in a reaction containing phosphatidylcholine vesicles (1 mg/ml) that were incubated for 24 h with 100 µM copper and 1 mM ascorbate (upper panel). COS-7 cells were incubated for 4 or 24 h with 400 µM copper and the levels of HNE determined (lower panel). Data are expressed as mean fold induction +/− S.E.M. in comparison to untreated controls. * indicates significantly different from untreated cells by ANOVA, p < 0.05, n = 3 observations.